This paper presents the results of a national research project entitled “Production and quality control of copper-62/zinc-62 RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL GENERATORS for positron emission tomography purposes “which has been implemented for the first time in the nuclear science and technology research institute. In this project, after verifying various nuclear codes for cyclotron production, multiple purification chemical reactions and target plating using tetrachloroauric acid,, The industrial scale of  zinc-62 chloride (5 Curie per production) with purity of 99/98% was prepared.Quality control of the prepared radionuclide was done after the production process. Then, the products were loaded on three different types of GENERATORS and was ready to send to nuclear medicine centers for clinical use.

In this study, the preparation of 111In-Bleomycin complex was optimized for temperature, time, concentration and pH during several experiments. The results showed that by the addition of bleomycin to 111In-InCl3 sample (dried under flow of N2) and heating the mixture up to 90-100°C the RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL can be obtained in 99.5% yield and a specific activity of 1.745 Ci/mmol. The final sample was injected into fibro sarcoma-bearing mice via their tail vein. Satisfactory preliminary SPECT images were acquired between 2-4 hours post-injection showing suitable accumulation in fibro sarcoma tumors

This paper proposes a novel approach for coherent GENERATORS online clustering in a large power system following a wide area disturbance. An interconnected power system may become unstable due to severe contingency when it is operated close to the stability boundaries. Hence, the bulk power system controlled islanding is the last resort to prevent catastrophic cascading outages and wide area blackout. Meanwhile, the aggregation of the coherent GENERATORS is the most important step in large power grids intentional defensive splitting to guarantee the dynamic stability of the created islands and reduce the computational burden of the huge initial search space. The proposed method of this paper determines the coherent machines based on the electrical parameters of the synchronous GENERATORS instead of the dynamical parameters such as rotor angle or speed curves, speed participation factors, etc. The stator and excitation windings flux, excitation voltage and current have been proposed as coherency indices. The proposed coherency based aggregation has been carried out on New England 39-bus test system. The time-domain simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and capability of the proposed method to identify the coherent machines following a severe contingency.

Application of the nonlinear H∞ identification method to identify a synchronous generator model is investigated in this paper. The linear H∞ identification method has been well established in the literature for robust modeling despite noise and system uncertainties. Since many practical systems such as synchronous GENERATORS are nonlinear, linear models identified for particular operating conditions do not perform well for other operating conditions. To overcome this shortcoming, the linear H∞ identification method has been modified to cover some nonlinearities of the systems such as saturation in synchronous machines. The derived proposed algorithm is then applied to a seventh order nonlinear model of a synchronous machine with saturation effect. In this study, the field voltage is considered as the input and the active output power and the terminal voltage are considered as the outputs of the synchronous machine. Simulation results show good accuracy of the identified models.

Concentration of kryptofix 2.2.2 in [18F] FDG solutions and standard solutions of kryptofix 2.2.2 was determined by two methods: Visualization of combination of K2.2.2 with iodine vapor and iodoplatinate reagent. In both methods, concentration difference of K2.2.2 solutions was appeared as difference in color intensity of revealed spots on TLC. The detection limit of K2.2.2 by iodine vapor and iodoplatinate reagent is 25 and 2 ppm, respectively. Both methods can be used to release or reject the quality of [18F] FDG RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL for intravenous injection, but the second method is more suitable because of taking shorter time.

A RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL is a radioactive compound used for the diagnosis and treatment of human diseases. RADIOPHARMACEUTICALs are among the most highly regulated materials administered to patients because they are controlled both as drugs and as radioactive substances.The use of RADIOPHARMACEUTICALs for any purpose is governed by regulatory agencies in different countries all over the world. Application of RADIOPHARMACEUTICALs in humans was almost unregulated Until the late I 950s. Since then a progression of regulations have been imposed on the use of these compounds in humans. The United states, United Kingdom, European community, Australia and New Zealand are among the pioneer countries in legislation of regulations concerning the preparation, distribution and use of radio pharmaceuticals. Several regulations, guidelines and reports have been published by federal or professional agencies involved in nuclear pharmacy and nuclear medicine to improve the quality of RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL services. While there are similarities in the backbone of the regulations and guidelines regarding RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL practice worldwide, the Comprehensiveness of these regulations varies considerably from country to country and even among states of a country.In order to establish a set of RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL regulations for Iran, reviewing the previously published regulations and guidelines and access their conformity to domestic situations have valuable position and selected acts and topics based on local exigencies may serve as a guide for legislation of the regulations for importation, production and use of RADIOPHARMACEUTICALs in Iran.The aim of this review is to summarize some of the important aspect of RADIOPHARMACEUTICAL regulations and principal agencies that have regulatory authority over the practice of radio pharmacy.

A primary generator is an initial concept or structural idea that the designer chooses at the beginning of the design process as the basis for all the next design steps. As initiators and developers of design, and due to complexity of their formation for designers and design students, primary GENERATORS have been the subject of recent design research.Design practice and education demonstrates that initial studies and data collection do not play an effective role in formation of a primary generator or initiation of design because of their analytical nature. This paper presents another type of knowledge more influential in design, i.e. tacit knowing. While explicit knowledge is of a general nature and readily expressed, tacit knowing is personal and unexpressed and is acquired through experience. Tacit knowing thus depends on a meaningful holistic understanding of the design problem integrated with designer’s preferences and beliefs. A comparison of characteristics of these two types of knowing and those of primary GENERATORS, demonstrates that tacit knowing plays an effective role in formation of primary GENERATORS.